Addiction is a complex condition characterised by a compulsive need to use substances that can be harmful. Often it starts subtly. addiction can manifest as small changes in behaviour, mood, or health, which gradually become more significant over time. Usually it is a progression, going from early, manageable stages into something that affects all aspects of life. Recognising early warning signs is a key to intervening before the situation becomes unmanageable, unchecked addiction will become unmanageable, guaranteed.

Addiction presents itself in a variety of ways. Here are three categories of warning signs to be aware of:

Behavioural changes

Secrecy: the individual may become increasingly secretive about their activities and whereabouts, avoiding sharing details that used to be openly discussed, and becoming more protective of personal items like phones.

Loss of interest in hobbies: hobbies and activities that once brought them joy may no longer interest them, as substance use takes priority. They may say things like “I don’t have time to                                                                                                 anymore”, or “I’m too overwhelmed to have hobbies.”

Neglecting responsibilities: they may start missing work, school, or social commitments without reasonable explanations.

Changes in social circles: sudden changes in friends or distancing from old connections can be an indication that new influences are related to substance use.

Financial issues: unexplained financial problems, such as frequent borrowing or missing bills, might point to spending on substances. There may be individual credit cards or accounts that you don’t have any visibility or access to.

Emotional shifts

Irritability: mood swings and irritability can become more frequent, especially when questioned about behaviour.

Defensiveness: the individual may react defensively or with hostility when their substance use is brought up, avoiding meaningful conversation.

Emotional withdrawal: they may become emotionally distant, avoiding deeper connections with family and friends.

Increased anxiety or depression: unexplained anxiety or depression can develop or worsen, often related to the effects of substance use.

Oversensitivity to criticism: there may be an increased sensitivity to perceived criticism, especially regarding their lifestyle choices, resulting in shut down or anger.

Physical indicators

Sleep pattern changes: they might experience insomnia or excessive sleeping, often related to substance use cycles.

Weight fluctuations: noticeable weight gain or loss without a clear reason can be a sign of substance use.

Neglected personal hygiene: a drastic change in appearance or hygiene habits may indicate a shift in priorities.

Physical symptoms: bloodshot eyes, trembling hands, smelling like alcohol, or frequent headaches can all be physical signs of substance use.

Unexplained injuries: frequent minor injuries or bruises may occur, potentially related to accidents while under the influence.

Why these signs matter

Catching these warning signs early is crucial, not only for the well-being of the person struggling with addiction but also for the entire family. Early recognition allows you to intervene sooner, which can make a significant difference in outcomes. The sooner addiction is identified, the more opportunities there are to seek help, prevent further harm, and maintain stability within the family. Early action can reduce the damage caused by addiction and improve the likelihood of recovery, ultimately protecting relationships and well-being.

What next?

It’s natural to experience fear, denial, or helplessness when recognizing the potential signs of addiction in a loved one. You may worry about overreacting or fear the consequences of confronting the issue. Denial often serves as a defence mechanism—it can feel easier to ignore the signs rather than face a painful reality and possible escalation of negative emotions in the relationship. These feelings are valid, and you are not alone. Many people struggle with the idea of confronting addiction, especially when it involves someone they care deeply about.

Remember, acknowledging these signs is a courageous step, and seeking support is a way to protect both yourself and your loved one.